The period from 1906 to 1929 saw cognitive inquiry converge on how minds map brain processes to behavior, with lesion and region-focused work linking motor and frontal systems to habit formation, retention, and learning efficiency. Perception, imagery, and attention were established as core cognitive operations, with cross-species findings showing mental imagery and visual attention underpinning reasoning, discrimination, and attentional control. Cognitive psychology emerged as a distinct theoretical-methodological program, balancing experimental psychology, cognitive science, and mind-theory debates; foundational questions about measurement, scope, and mechanisms framed the methodological trajectory. Contextual, affective, and social dimensions of cognition appeared through context effects on learning and recall, interpretation of facial expressions, and measures of pleasantness, underscoring emotion-cognition interactions and considerations of psychopathology. The converging themes reflect a move toward integrated accounts of cognition that seek to relate mental representations to brain-mediated processes while remaining responsive to real-world contexts.